Lathe for turning irregular forms



(No Model.)

G. H. OBI-3R.

LATHE FOR TURNING IRREGULAR FORMS. No. 312,288. Patented Feb. 17, 1885.

Unirno Srarns Parana @rrrci.

GEORGE H. once, or CHAGRIN FALLS, OHIO.

LATHE FOR TURNING IRREGULAR FORMS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 312,288, dated February17, 1885.

Application filed July 16, 1884.

(No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE H. OBER, of

OhagrinFalls, in the county of Ouyahoga and State of Ohio, haveinventedcertain Improve ments in Lathes for Turning Irregular Forms, and relatesto certain devices arranged in combination with the feed mechanism foroperating the same slowly or rapidly, as the nature or shape of thearticle being turned may require, and thereby producing more perfectwork and more expeditiously performed than heretofore effected in thisclass of machines. A further improvement consists in the mode of movingthe carriage of revolving cutterhead reciprocallyin the line of thework,while the vibrating frame holding the pattern and stock remainsstationary--that is to say,without longitudinal movement in the line ofthe work.

The aforesaid inventions are improvements on a lathe for which a patentwas granted to me July 26, 1881, No. 244,925.

The improvements above referred to are fully set forth in the followingspecification and shown in the accompanying drawings, making a part ofthe same, in which" Figure 1 represents a side view of the machine.Figs. 2, 8, at, 5, and 6 are detached sect-ions, which will be'rcferredto in description.

Like letters denote like parts in the several drawings. On the top ofthe frame A, Fig. 1, of the machine is arranged on suitable ways asliding carriage, B, in which is journaled a head of cutters, 0, made torevolve by a drivingshaft, D, on which the head of cutters slidereciprocally, and to which shaft the head is secured by a feather-keyadapted to fit and slide in a groove, 11, in the side of the shaft. Thefeather-key is not shown in connection with the groove or slot. It is awell-known device; hence no special description thereof will beessential in this place.

On one side of the frame A projects a pair of brackets, E, to which ishinged at a the vi brating frame F, on one end of which is fixed abifurcated standard, G, Fig. 1, also indicated by the dotted lines I),Fig. 2. A corresponding standard, H, is adjustably secured to saidframe, and made fast thereto in any particular place by an ordinaryclamping-bolt and nut, c. The vibrating frame and bifurcated standardsare constructed substantially in the same way as the frame and standardsshown in the patent above referred to, in which a full detaileddescriptionis given ofthe frame, its uses, and the relation which thegearing 1, 2, 3, and 4 have to each other and to the head of thecutters; hence a description thereof is not in this place essential, asit forms no part of this my improved machine, further than to say thatin the bifurcated arms are held the patterns I, and by the centers d clare held the stock or articles to be turned. (Not shown in thedrawings.)

The carriage B, with its revolving head of cutters, is fed along uponthe shaft D by a screw, J, Fig. 3, to which the carriage is connected bya clamping two-part nut, e, substantially in the same way as the slidingframe is operated in the patent above alluded to, and to which attentionis called.

At the operative nd of the frame A projects a bracket, K, Figs. 1 and 4,in which are journaled a pair of conical rollers, L and M, Figs. 1 and4, arranged reversely in respect to each other, as shown in saidfigures, in which it will be seen that the shafts of said rollers areparallel with the main shaft D, by which the roller M is driven by abelt from the pulley e. I

' To the wheel N, Figs. 1 and 1, motion is transmitted from the conicalroller M to the conical roller L by means of the inter-posedtransfeuwheel 0, arranged between the two cones and in peripheralcontact therewith, as seen in Fig. 4. The transfer-wheel O is journaledin a bifurcated hanger, P, Figs. 4 and 6, provided with a disk, f. fromwhich the arms depend, forming an integral part thereof, and by whichdisk the hanger is adjustably connected to a corresponding disk, h, bymeans of a set-screw, i, passing through a slot in the upper disk, andscrewed into the lower'disk, f, substantially as seen in Figs. 5 and 6.The upper disk, h, is provided with a sleeve, Q, through which passes abar, R, from which the hanger and the transfer-wheel O are suspended inthe ends of the frame A, so that they may hang centrally between thecones, as seenin Fig. 4.. The frame Aisjointed to an arm, B, Fig. 1,projecting from the under side of the bracket K. In thus hinging theframe to the bracket it is allowed an upward vibratory movement, for apurpose presently shown. The object in suspending the hanger P from thebar R by means of the interposed disk It is to be enabled to adjust thetransfer-wheel 0 so that its axial line shall be parallel with the axiallines of the cones L and M, while the suspension-bar R is so arranged asto be parallel with the approximated faces of the cones L and M, insteadof being parallel with the axial lines of the cones, and with the mainshaft D and the shifting-rod G, to which the bar R and hanger, with itswheel- O, are connected by an arm, D. Ihe shifting-rod 0 extends fromits connection with the hanger of the transfer-wheel 0 back to the rearend of the frame A, in which it is supported, as shown in Fig. 1. Tosaid rod is secured a trip, E. in detail consists of the center m,having a loop or eye, a, through which passes the shifting-rod O, whichallows the center and the arms Z1 and c projecting therefrom to retateon the loop-stem, as and for a purpose hereinafter described.

F is a link connecting the arm 0 of the trip to the rod 0 by means ofthe clip G, secured to the rod by a set-screw, and adjustable thereon,for shifting the trip, along upon the rod. It will be noted that theconnections of the link with the arm of the trip and rod 0 are pivoted,to permit a free and easy movement of the several parts.

To the rod 0 is rigidly connected an arm, H, Fig. 1, which extendstherefrom to the centering-mandrel d of the vibrating frame F, and intactual relation with said mandrel, by which the arm is operated, as andfor the purpose set forth hereinafter.

Having described the construction and arrangement of the machine, I willrefer to the practical operation thereof, as follows:

In turning articles of irregular forms some parts of the article, arelarger than certain other parts, and of greatly different shapes as, forexample, the aX-handle I, (shown in Fig. 1,) and the ax end of thehandle being much larger than the rest part thereof, and differing muchin shape. In turning such an article it is desirable, in view of theshape of the large part at I, to feed the cutters and re volve thepattern and stick to be turned much slower for turning that particularpart than it is required to turn the smaller and rounder part of thehandle, and so of any other article or articles having one part thereoflarger in diameter and differing in shape; hence the feed of the cuttersand the motion of the pattern and stick being turned are regulated forthe larger diameter and the peculiar shape thereof without respect tothe shape and smaller portion of the article, which, as a consequence,is turned with the same measure of motion as the larger diameter andshape, whereas the This trip motion for turning the smaller part wouldbear being largely increased, and thus shorten the time for turning thearticle. In the ordinary lathe for turning irregular forms there is noprovision made while the machine is in operation for a difl'erentiationin the feed of the cutters, and revolving the pattern and stick when setfor a piece of work. The same degree of feed is continued through theentire article and adapted to the shape or large diameter thereof,althon gh it may be the shorter in length; hence it takes the samelengthof time to turn the article having a long length of small diameter and ashort portion there of having a larger diameter of a peculiar shape asit would to turn an article whose entire length is of a larger diameterof peculiar shape.

To avoid the above-described objectionable features in the ordinarylathe and cause a differentiation in the feed and motion of the patternand stick as the variations in the shape of the article being turned mayrequire, and that while the machine is in operation, is the purpose ofthis invention, which is accomplished by the pair of conical rollersabove described,as follows:

Power for operating the lathe is applied to the pulley J of the mainshaft, from which it is transferred to the cone L by the belt K. Motionfrom the cone L is transmitted to the cone M by the transfer-wheel 0,from which motion is conveyed to the gearing 1, 2, 3, and 4 foroperating the feed of the cutters, also the pattern I, and the stock orwood of which the article is to be turned is not shown in the drawings,of which, however, d (l are the centers. As shown in the drawings, anax-helve is supposed to be the article to be turned, of which lis themost difficult part to be worked, but the shortest in length. Now, inorder to adapt the speed of the feed to this peculiar part or shape ofthe article, the transfer friction-wheel O is so adjusted on the rod 0as to be near the large end of the cone M, or so near the large end asmay be deemed necessary for the degree of feed and motion of the patternto turn the part I of the ax-handle, which may be about where thetransfer-wheel O is shown in the drawings. The trip F is then adjustedon the rod O,a certain distance from the carriage B of the cutter-head,which, as the head revolves, it is regularly fed along by the feed-screwJ, operated, as above said, by the cone M. As the carriage B movesforward and the cutters have turned the part I of the handle, saidcarriage comes in contact with the arm 0 of the trip and graduallypushesit in the direction of the dotted line :6, thereby drawing thefriction or transfer wheel 0 by the rod 0 toward the larger end of thecone L, causing an acceleration of the friction or transfer wheel 0, anda consequent increased rotative movement of the cone M, whichittransfers to the feed-screw, the pattern and the stick being turned,thereby increasing the rotation of said screw, causing the carriage andthe cutters to move faster along the smaller parts of the handle, alsoincreasing the rotation of the pattern and stick and turning the saidsmaller parts faster than was turned the larger part I, byvirtue of thein creased speed thus obtained to the feed-screw, &c. When the cuttershave reached the end of the handle,the two-part nut connecting thefeed-screw to the carriage is opened by a trip in the usual way, andthus arrests the forward movement of the cutter-head, and allows thecarriage to be drawn back, which is done by a weight attached thereto bymeans of a cord. While the carriage B is being drawn back, thefeed-screw, pattern, and turned article ceases to revolve, inconsequence of the friction or transfer wheel 0 being lifted from itstactual relation withthe cone-rollers, which is effected by the arm H.Thus as the operator vibrates the frame F outward to withdraw the turnedarticle from the cutters, the mandrel (1 draws upon the end of the arm11, thereby causing it to givea turn to the rod 0, so much as will liftthe transfer friction-wheel 0 from its contact with the rollers, andthereby bring them to rest, and also the feed-screw, &c.

During the lifting of the friction or transfer wheel 0 from thecone-rollers, itis at the same time pushed back by the rod 0 to itsformer relation with the cones, for stowing the feedscrew for turningthe part I of another handle, as above described. The backward movementof the rod is caused by the carriage B, which, as it moves back,impinges upon the end 0 of the trip E, which, by virtue of gravity,becomes so far elevated from the position indicated by the dotted line00 as to be impinged upon by the returning carriage, and thus cause thebackward movement of the rod 0, for the purpose above specified.

In turning some irregular forms, the nature of which may be such as tomake it desirable to commence with a fast motion for a time and thenslow down, in view of an increase in the size ofthe diameter ofthearticle being turned, or a difference occurring in the shape of itrequiring a slow motion of the pattern, such a differential movement ismade by simply shifting the trip E on the rod 0 as the nature of thework may require, and, if necessary to adapt the motion to the variousforms or diameters of the article, more than one trip may be used formoving the friction-wheel O in its relation to the cone rollers, forincreasing or decreasing the feed of the cutters and motion of thepattern as the work may render expedient.

In my patent above referred to, the carriage in which the patterns andthe stock were held is movable longitudinally and reciprocally on theframe A, and the head of the cutters stationary-that is to say, the headof cutters had no reciprocal longitudinal movement, but only a arotative one, in view of which the work was fed to the revolvingcutters, instead of the cut purpose set forth.

ters being fed to the work, as in this my improved machine.

In reversing the operation of the machine, as above described, I havebeen enabled to shorten it up nearly one-half; hence it takes up lessroom and is less complicated and more conveniently operated. Asaforesaid, the head of cutters is carried by the main shaft D, and onwhich it slides as the carriage B is moved along by the feed-screw. Infeeding the cutters to the work much better results are obtained, as theturning of the article is more smoothly done than when the work is fedto the cutters.

The exact construction and and arrangement of the details of the machineas herein presented is not insisted upon, as such details aresusceptible of various modifications without departing from the natureof my improvements.

WhatI claim as my improvement, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is

1. In machines or lathes for turning irregular forms, in combinationwith the feed mechanism thereof and mechanism for operating the patternand stick, a pair of conical rollers arranged reversely in respect toeach other, and having interposed between them and in factual relationtherewith a friction transferwheel having its axial line of rotationparallel with the axial lines of said conical rollers, and held in itsrelation to the said rollers by being suspended from a rod or bararranged parallel with the approximated faces of the cones,substantially as described, and for the 2. In a lathe for turningirregular forms, the friction transfer'wheel and vibratory frame A, andsuspending the same from the bar R of the frame by means of theadjustable hanger, in combination with the rod 0, trip, and earriagecarrying the head of revolving cutters, substantially in the mannerdescribed, and for the purpose set forth.

3. In combination with the reciprocallytraversing carriage B, carryingthe revolving head of cutters, the feed-screw J, attached to thecarriage by a clamping two-part nut, and a trip for opening said nut todisengage the screw from the carriage, substantially as described, andfor the purpose specified.

i. In a lathe for turning irregular forms, the reciprocally-movingcarriage B, havingjournaled therein a head of cutters revolved by ashaft passing centrally through said head, and to which it is secured bya feather-key and groove, and upon which shaft the head of the revolvingcutters traverse while being fed to the work or article revolving in thearms of the vibrating frame F,-having no longitudinal movement, butstationary in its relation to the reciprocating traversing frame B andrevolving cutters, substantially as set forth, and for the purposedescribed.

5. A pair of conical rollers arranged reversely in respect to eachother, and having interposed between them and in taetual relationtherewith a transfer friction-wheel hav ing its axial line of rotationparallel with axial lines of the conical rollers and held in positionrelative to the rollers by being suspended from a rod or bar arrangedparallel with the approximated faces of said rollers, in combinationwith a shifting bar or rod for changing

